What is the impact of attractive packaging on impulse purchase decision Free Essays

string(105) is showcasing an item whose substance require a holder must factor in the job that bundling plays. Presentation The most intriguing idea of showcasing is to find the comprehension of the thinking of purchasers: what they do and what they don’t do! Be that as it may, such information is basic in structuring the showcasing system to upgrade deal and piece of the pie. With modern data about buyer’s purchasing conduct alongside her needs and needs, advertiser can reproduce item or administrations just to draw her consideration. Also, when they get the buyer’s consideration, they can impact buyer’s buy choice decidedly and end up by fulfilling with their item or administrations. We will compose a custom exposition test on What is the effect of appealing bundling without really thinking buy choice? or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Consequently the entire idea begins with the pursuit of data about the elements affecting purchasing choice. Advertisers have consistently sought after to plan their showcasing exertion they accept will allure purchasers. ‘Impulse buy decision’ can be named as impromptu purchasing and is an essential part of purchasing conduct, particularly when discussing FMCG segment. Advertiser put a ton of exertion to get a handle on the buyer’s consideration and win them bringing about a deal though the purchaser never expected to purchase that specific item or administration. In this exploration I will attempt to discover the association between appealing bundling of an item in impacting drive buy. Reason: The fundamental motivation behind this exploration is to give data to aid research to pick up information and to comprehend the issues. Mulling over this point, this examination will be an exploratory research, with the plan to test connection between ‘attractive’ bundling and impacting purchasers without really thinking buy in a retail comfort store. The exploration plans to look at if appealing bundling can draw in buyer’s consideration contrasted with ‘not so attractive’ packs. The exploration focuses on the issue as well as can prompt comprehend and extra to the best practice accessible in the retail business. I trust that this examination may have a huge incentive in helping chiefs in retail business to distinguish beneficially loading of right sort of items products. Also, my exploration discoveries may fortify the comprehension of retail administrators on the most proficient method to sort out and show the items adequately and increment the pro gression of traffic and thusly make progress in deals, administrations and advertising divisions. Key elements to be thought of and investigated in this examination basically identify with segments like: bundling, purchaser conduct, format and racking, motivation buying and consumer loyalty. Research questions: The drive purchasing conduct of purchaser has driven numerous advertisers to think of new and inventive procedures to appeal to their item. This exploration centers around one of the significant problem out of numerous in empowering and animating motivation buy: appealing bundling of the item. Subsequently, the examination question is figured as follows: What is the connection between Attractive Packaging and In-store Impulse Purchase Behavior? Point and Objectives of Dissertation: The principle point of this examination is to look at the connection between purchaser purchasing conduct during the nearness of ‘attractive’ bundling in a motivation buying circumstance. The examination will be restricted to FMCG in retail locations. The particular targets of this examination are: To legitimize whether ‘attractive’ packs prompts drive buy. To decide if the stocking ‘attractive’ packs expands interest for the brand. To research in the case of loading ‘attractive’ packs brings about increment of tasteful excellence of the store. To investigate selling ‘attractive’ packs brings about increment in the volume of deals. Extension: This exploration theme will vigorously concentrate on distinguishing the various parts of bundling and factors related in drive purchasing choice and investigating how advertisers exploits those perspectives in detailing the showcasing effort to get its piece of the pie. Just to keep everything generally straightforward, I will concentrate just on FMCGs in retail locations. Applied Underpinnings and Literature Review: For what reason do individuals shopHow do situational factors prompts the choice to buy certain itemsThe demonstration of procurement is influenced by numerous variables: mind-set, time pressures, or even a person’s aura towards shopping. Time can be seen, as a significant factor since it regularly decides how much exertion and search a shopper will place into settling on a buying choice. A person’s state of mind can be influenced by the level of joy or excitement that is available in the store’s environment. A great many people will in general base a buy choice towards a particular event; or even the manner in which an individual may feel at a particular point in time can likewise assume a major job in what we want to buy. These variables may make one choose all the more cautiously on a buy. Advertisers like to utilize division systems when promoting to tell purchasers their item will meet a particular need one might be looking towards. In general, numerous cons umers’ buy choices are enormously influenced by gatherings or social settings. While trying to see how ‘attractive’ packs impacts influence drive buying practices, scientists took a gander at a few unique ways to deal with study purchaser conduct. So as to catch buyer’s eye, advertisers are ceaselessly concocting new items. From time to time they are adding new highlights to their current item. In the clash of ‘value’ expansion and given the serious idea of market, promoting experts are leaving no stones unturned to be ahead in the race. They investigate each road of the market in finding new thoughts in situating their items in consumers’ mind. Advertisers accept each open door to speak with their potential objective crowd. There are entire parcel of devices being used in promoting correspondence. Just the incorporated way to deal with this correspondence can bring achievement. An excellent quality item or administration alone isn't sufficient to be effective in the market. Potential purchasers must be educated about its positive highlights and traits, else it will continue lying on the racks and in the end eliminate. In this way, it is basic that intended interest group are to be all around educated about the current items and administrations. Advertising experts are shown how ‘4Ps’ are basic whether they are propelling, keeping up or restaging an item. Shouldn't something be said about the job of the bundle in promoting mixAnyone who is advertising an item whose substance require a compartment must factor in the job that bundling plays. You read What is the effect of alluring bundling without much forethought buy choice? in classification Exposition models One could contend that bundling is one of the most basic variables adding to a brand’s achievement, so much that it ought to turn into the ‘fifth P’. All things considered, the existence pattern of the bundle is longer than that of a portion of the different Ps. A run of the mill bundle life cycle comprises of advancement, filling, delivering, capacity, rack arrangement, shopping basket, home transportation, stockpiling, utilization lastly a disposing of (ideally reusing). Any one thing with such broad life cycle ought to be given the mo st elevated of needs (Stahlberg and Maila). Purchasers are overpowered with an excessive number of decisions at their turn in a retail shop. This may make disarray and disappointment; this excess accessibility may lead numerous purchasers to stifle themselves to recognizable items. There is a great deal to discuss impacting buyer’s choice at a shopping domain. Among them, bundling assumes an imperative job and has a significant helpful impact in motivation buy choice. Alluring bundling configuration can bait an expected purchaser to the main critical point in time †the buy choice. Bundling is one such device where the advertisers can pass on their message directly to its possible clients. For some brands the bundling drives the route to a fruitful basic marking correspondence exertion and setting up the brand picture. Numerous academicians have consented to the way that for some, items, sole type of promoting is by means of bundling. Consequently, advertisers should distribute significant assets in their showcasing effort which can establish first and greatest connection for the item †the bundling (Stahlberg and Maila). Hesse, Loesch, and Spies considered the impacts of store qualities on consumers’ state of mind, their fulfillment, and buying conduct. This examination demonstrates the air of the store straightforwardly influenced the temperament of the customer, which turned into a major factor in their buying conduct. The outcomes proposed clients in a charming store air are probably going to spend more cash on the items they loved. This impact was distinctly due to the customer’s temperament during the hour of procurement. An investigation led by Susan Powell Mantel concentrated on dissecting the jobs of â€Å"attribute-based processing† and â€Å"attitude-based processing† while breaking down shopper inclination. As per the examination, item properties (characteristics, for example, value, size, dietary benefit, solidness, and so on.) are regularly looked at lopsidedly, i.e., one is the more central subject of correlation, in this way inspiring more thought when the purchaser chooses which brand is the â€Å"best.† The request for brand introduction in these cases is especially significant. As we probably am aware, factors influencing how clients settle on choices are amazingly perplexing. Purchaser conduct is profoundly established in brain research with runs of humanism tossed in just to make th

Year round school Essay Example For Students

All year school Essay All year SchoolsThe plausibility of all year schools has been a hot discussion point for a long while. The inquiry is, is the possibility of all year schools adequate thinking about all the potential downsides? All year tutoring can be troublesome to both the group of the understudies and the educators themselves, it tends to be unreasonably exorbitant for an enormous gathering of individuals, and all year schools don't give a similar chance to learning as the conventional school year does. For a few reasons, the conventional school year, which runs for ten months rather than eleven, is progressively advantageous in contrast with all year tutoring. Essentially, all year schools will disturb both the families and educators while the conventional school year doesn't. This is on the grounds that; all year schools will dispose of the vast majority of the profoundly foreseen summer get-away creation it a lot shorter than expected. Long summer breaks are a treasured culture for certain fam ilies, as it is an ideal event for relations to get to know each other since both the guardians and understudies have an adequate measure of downtime. During the mid-year breaks for example Walk Break, numerous guardians don't have the opportunity since they are as yet grinding away. In any case, if summer excursion is abbreviated, guardians can no longer utilize all their extra an ideal opportunity to go through with their children on the grounds that the youngsters are in school learning. There won't be sufficient opportunity to travel and complete all the arranged exercises. That is the reason; the new school schedules immediately got disliked with guardians in America. Dede Schaffner, a representative for the Seminole County region, says, The interruption of family life was what everybody was whining about, individuals said it was possible that with kids at school throughout the mid year, you would never have your entire family together. (All year Schooling Rejected1996/24 Febru ary, 2005) notwithstanding less family time, all year tutoring likewise gives different worries to guardians. Gatekeepers should stress over discovering childcare during the more drawn out mid-year breaks that are made in light of a shorter summer break. Another apparent inconvenience of all year training is that instructors may have a progressively troublesome time planning their expert turn of events. Numerous educators take graduate classes throughout the late spring excursion time frame to find new educational programs and advances in innovation. Instructors will discover going to proficient gatherings, staff improvement exercises, and school courses progressively troublesome. An instructor who was a piece of an all year framework relates, I ended up experiencing 3 school a long time without that open door for self-appraisal and making arrangements for the eventual fate of the instructive program. (The Effect of Year Round Schools 1999/22 February 2005). With an a lot shorter su mmer break, instructors won't have sufficient opportunity to expand their training, which can profit the learning of their understudies. Consequently, all year schools are not as valuable as the conventional school year. We will compose a custom exposition on Year round school explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Besides, exchanging over to all year tutoring can end up being more expensive than the typical school year. For one thing, the spending plan for an all year program, when contrasted with a customary program, is a lot bigger. There are more materials, for example, school supplies, to be purchased, a bigger expense for cooling, and the expanded costs when an office is utilized all year. One of the principle concerns is that the life of a school turns out to be significantly shorter. Generally, in the late spring schools are under fix and prepared for the following year. Be that as it may, with a shorter summer break, there isn't sufficient opportunity to redesign schools. This will prompt the need of more current offices all the more regularly. In addition, the biggest cost is in employing new educators. Relatively few instructors pursue the all year tutoring program and the individuals who do, expect bigger pay rates than standard educators do. The greatest spending increment in a yea r-long program is frequently because of new staffing. (All year Success? 1997/18 February 2005). At long last, family costs will likewise vary. An all-encompassing school year implies a bigger measure of lunch cash, all the more looking for new supplies and garments, and different costs, which incorporate field trips and other school programs. In the event that the educational committees change to the new framework, numerous guardians just as the educational committee will most likely be unable to manage the cost of the new costs. Hence, remaining with the conventional school year is a much better alternative since it is more worthwhile than an all year school. At last yet critically, all year tutoring doesn't give as quite a bit of an open door for learning as the normal school schedule. Throughout the mid year break, understudies can get chances to pick up understanding through summer employments. This experience can be viewed as proportionate to learning in school since it gives the understudies to confront this present reality and comprehend what it resembles. On the off chance that all year tutoring is actualized, at that point summer will be stopped and accordingly, understudies won't have sufficient opportunity to acquaint themselves with the work environment. Joan Watkins, a business, certifies, It is impossible that an understudy will find a new line of work for only 15 or 20 days. This period is simply too short to even think about interesting a business in recruiting an understudy. (The Effect of Year Round Schooling 1999/24 February, 2005) Moreover, going to camp throughout the mid year is likewise a convention for certain children. This custom could self-destruct with the commencement of the new school schedule. Campers will not, at this point have the option to appreciate the outside and find out about themselves as they typically would, in the event that they had a late spring break of a sufficient length. A day camp proficient states, The great est in addition to of camp is that camps assist youthful with peopling find and investigate their gifts, premiums, and values. Most schools don't fulfill every one of these necessities. Children who have had these sorts of (camp) encounters wind up being more beneficial and have less issues. (Day Camps Professionals Speak Out 2003/22 February 2005). What's more, if there is a more extended summer break where the understudy invests more energy with his/her family they will become familiar with extra things like family esteems, which can't be instructed, to them in school. Besides, on the off chance that they travel throughout the break, they will have the option to acquaint themselves with different societies, which can in the end lead them to become people that are all the more tolerating of others. Therefore, the conventional school year is by a long shot more good than the all year school year. .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 , .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 .postImageUrl , .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 , .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04:hover , .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04:visited , .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04:active { border:0!important; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04:active , .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content improvement: underline; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b0 63516f8ca77ee04 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2b4800c418dbe87b063516f8ca77ee04:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Diary of Anne Frank EssayIn shutting, the conventional school schedule is increasingly good then the all year school schedule due to its numerous advantages. It isn't troublesome to the family and encouraging staff like the all year tutoring is, it is considerably more cost productive and it gives a superior chance to learning than the new school schedule. York Region should accept this open door and not follow Americas model in exchanging school schedules and show how our character is our own and isn't something that is shaped by us following what others do. We, as a country, are fit for settling on our own decisions that will profit us. For this situation, settling on the decision of keeping the customary school schedule is unquestionably the best decision for our nation and its future generation!Bibliography:1. The Effect of Year Round Schools. 1999. MasterFILE Premier. (22 February, 2005)2. Day Camp Professionals Speak Out. 2003. FAMALIES Magazines. (22 February, 2005)3. All year Schooling Rejected. 1996. MasterFILE Premier. (24 February, 2005)4. All year Success? 1999. MasterFILE Premier. (18 February, 2005)

The Replacement and Cosntinuity Models Essay Example for Free

The Replacement and Cosntinuity Models Essay Paleonthropologists for the most part utilize the accompanying 2 models to clarify the roots of present day people. The substitution model The coherence model  â â â â â Each of these models has its premise that could be followed back to hundred of years prior. The two models would be examined unequivocally with the utilization of models for simple comprehension. The Replacement Model  â â â â â This model was established by Christopher Stringer and Peter Andrews. They recommended that cutting edge people developed from antiquated Homo Sapiens 200,000 †150,000 ( 2000 centuries prior) just in Africa and afterward some of them relocated into the remainder of the world because of one explanation or the other supplanting the entirety of the Neanderthals and other late bygone Homo Sapiens start around 1000 centuries back. Since the understanding of this fossil record is acknowledged by certain individuals, it implies all individuals today or current people share a generally present day African lineage which essentially implies we are largely Africans. Every single other line of people that had slid from Homo erectus apparently got wiped out.  â â â â â As we can see, the territorial anatomical contrasts that we can among people today are ongoing developments advancing generally over the most recent 400 centuries.  â â â â â This speculation is additionally alluded to as the Noah’s ark or African substitution model. The acknowledged perspective on the out of Africa model is that Africa traded qualities with Eurasia, which imparted qualities to East and Southeast Asia and there are two confirmations supporting the substitution model: the fossil record and DNA. Up until this point, the most punctual type of present day Homo sapiens skeletons originated from Africa. This basically implies there are no homo sapiens existing today that would not be followed back to Africa.  â â â â â Though John Relethford and different pundits of the substitution model have had the best decent variety in DNA essentially on the grounds that there were more individuals living in Africa during the most recent quite a while and this would lead us to the clarification of congruity or multi-local model. The Continuity Model   This model was pushed by Milford Wolpoff, of the University of Michigan, he suggested that cutting edge people advanced pretty much at the same time or simultaneously in every single significant district of the old world from nearby old homo sapiens. Which implies that homo erectus were accessible in all districts of the earth since the time beginning. The speculation of this model expresses that advanced homo sapiens had numerous sources from existing neighborhood populaces. Every neighborhood populace of ancient people offered ascend to a populace of current people. This model was figured around 1992 at University of Michigan. ( Turnbaugh, et. al# 323) . They advance their case by expressing that through quality stream, the obsolete Homo sapiens quality was given more prominent inconstancy accordingly empowering it to deliver more prominent adjustments. By this procedure, they accept that we present day people emerged.  â â â â â From an individual point of view, it is the progression model that bodes well. Since it asserts that cutting edge human appeared through Homo erectus that was accessible in all area of the earth. This implies every district has its establishing homo erectus.  Model I to help individual view  â â â â â Modern Chinese are viewed as having advanced from Chinese old Homo sapiens and Homo erectus. This implies the Chinese and some others on the planet have extraordinary vestige set up.  Model II to help individual view Indonesia/Australia  â â â â â Medley of cranial highlights is utilized to contend that cutting edge natives are plummeted from Javanese Homo erectus. The attributes that were natural between the Javanese Homo erectus what's more, the cutting edge people living in Indonesia and Australia locales include: Subsiding brow Facial prognathism Source Jorgen Holm inâ Human development

Esf Function #8

Official Summary Introduction to Emergency Management Taylor Carl Mr. Jonathon Johnson October 12, 2012 The Emergency Support Function #8 (ESF #8) from FEMA subtleties bolster administrations identified with general wellbeing and clinical administrations. The essential office in charge of ESF #8 is the Department of Health and Human Services.They are liable for giving help during â€Å"a general wellbeing and clinical fiasco, potential or genuine episode requiring a planned Federal reaction, and additionally during a creating potential wellbeing and clinical emergency†, (2008, FEMA, p. 1). Help for clinical necessities covers mental and social wellbeing as wells as substance abuse.Assistance is given in the accompanying center capacity zones under ESF #8: evaluation of general wellbeing/clinical requirements, wellbeing observation, clinical consideration work force, wellbeing/clinical/veterinary gear and supplies, persistent departure, quiet consideration, wellbeing and securi ty of medications, biologics, and clinical gadgets, blood and blood items, sanitation and security, agribusiness wellbeing and security, all-risk general wellbeing and clinical discussion, specialized help and backing, conduct medicinal services, general wellbeing and clinical data, vector control, consumable water/wastewater and strong waste removal, mass casualty the board, casualty distinguishing proof, and purifying remains, and veterinary clinical help (2008, FEMA, p. 1-2). Every Federal reaction are dealt with by the Secretary of Health and Human Services through the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR).The Secretary is additionally accountable for the benefits during a general wellbeing crisis with exemption of the individual from the Armed Forces. They are answerable for planning all readiness, reaction, and recuperation activities reliable with every single inside arrangement and systems of the Department of Health and Human Services. When bolster offices get guidelines from the Secretary, they are liable for controlling their assets. The Emergency Management Group (EMG) is answerable for taking care of the ESF #8 reaction for the ASPR and must stay in consistent contact with the National Operations Center (NOC). All associations engaged with reaction tasks must report general wellbeing and clinical prerequisites to their proper representative.These delegates are positioned in the National Response Coordination Center (NRCC), the Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC), and the Joint Field Office (JFO). A â€Å"Joint Information Center (JIC) will be set up to facilitate occurrence related open information†, (2008, FEMA, p. 2). The JIC can discharge data to the general population with respect to general clinical and general wellbeing reaction. For people group issues, a perceived representative will give correspondences whenever the situation allows. Ought to there be a zoonotic infection episode, ESF #8 mu st arrange with ESF #11 (Agriculture and Natural Resources). Open data might be discharged after counsel with the US Department of Agriculture (USDA).During an oil, concoction, organic, or radiological natural pollution, ESF #8 must arrange with ESF #10 (Oil and Hazardous Materials) to discharge data. At the point when activity is required, the ASPR alarms HHS work force. The ASPR may likewise demand work force for contact correspondences at the HHS Headquarters order areas. The ESF #8 staff positioned in the RRCC and JFO â€Å"will direct a hazard examination, assess, and decide the capacity required to meet the mission objective and give required general wellbeing and clinical support† help to the fitting gatherings (2008, FEMA, p. 3). During starting initiation, HHS will organize phone calls with supporting organizations to talk about and decide reaction actions.During the appraisal procedure, HHS working with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), prepares and sends E SF #8 staff. During reconnaissance, HHS screens general wellbeing utilizing field studies and examinations, screens sickness examples and potential episodes, performs blood and blood item watchfulness alongside checking blood flexibly levels, and gives specialized help and interview on illness avoidance. Quick clinical reactions are dealt with by HHS’s interior resources. While most gear and supplies are sent from the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS), the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Veterans Affairs (VA) may likewise give them to social insurance offices in a catastrophe area.Should there be a need a veterinary supplies, resources might be mentioned from the National Veterinary Stockpile (2008, FEMA, p. 4-5). During a crisis circumstance, ESF #8 is accused of moving those truly sick or harmed patients, and clinical needs populace to assigned regions. They may demand the help of the DOD, VA, or FEMA. At the point when patients are not really in a hazardous situation yet need clearing help, ESF #8 gives work force to clinical administrations through common assistance staff, US Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, territorial workplaces, and States. ESF #8 must guarantee wellbeing and security of medications, biologics, and clinical devices.Biologics, including blood, blood items, organs, and immunizations, must be checked to guarantee accessibility and wellbeing. Governmentally controlled nourishments must meet wellbeing and security prerequisites observed by ESF #8 and ESF #11. This authority is reached out to all residential and imported nourishments with the exception of meat, poultry, and egg items. What's more, ESF #8 and ESF #11 must guarantee the wellbeing and security of food-creating animals(2008, FEMA, p. 5-6). Specialist Safety and Health is driven by the Department of Labor (DOL). ESF #8/HHS acts a help organization. ESF #8 may require help from territorial workplaces in â€Å"assessing general wellbeing, clinical, and veterina ry clinical impacts coming about because of all hazards†, (2008, FEMA, p. 6).This may remember appraisals for the overall population and high-chance populace gatherings, field examinations, giving guidance on human and creature exposures, counsel on roundabout exposures, for example, food, water, and medication defilement, and â€Å"providing specialized help and discussion on clinical treatment, screening, and sterilization of harmed or sullied individuals†, (2008, FEMA, p. 6). Social medicinal services is dealt with by ESF #8 and accomplice associations to survey psychological wellness and substance misuse needs. This may incorporate â€Å"emotional, mental, mental medical aid, social, or intellectual confinements needing help or supervision†, (2008, FEMA, p. 7).ESF #8 gives general wellbeing, infection, and injury anticipation data to the general population in various dialects and arrangements for those with restricted English capability or learning incapaciti es. ESF #8 works with other accomplice associations to evaluate and deal with vector-borne illness dangers. This incorporates research and examination, hardware and supplies, and giving specialized help and discussion. ESF #8 aids consumable water, wastewater, and strong waste removal. This incorporates inspecting sullied water for general wellbeing impacts. ESF #8 works with accomplice associations track and report human remains, incorporating diminishing risks related with tainted remains.They may set up brief funeral home offices, decide the reason for death, gather after death data, utilize logical intends to distinguish human remains, and give specialized help and interview. They may demand help from accomplice associations to offer help to groups of casualties during the after death process (2008, FEMA, p. 7). ESF #8 works intimately with ESF #11 to offer veterinary clinical help. This may incorporate thinking about research creatures when ESF #11 doesn't have the mastery. The y should secure the wellbeing of domesticated animals and partner administrations creatures by guaranteeing wellbeing of food and medications regulated (2008, FEMA, p. 8). ESF #8 requires many help organizations to be completely useful. The HHS works intimately with the USDA for staff, supplies, and equipment.They likewise help with sustenance, flare-up control of creature ailment, and sanitation. The DOD performs numerous capacities for ESF #8. They offer help for tolerant departure, calculated help to general wellbeing/clinical reaction tasks, work force for setback clearing, understanding gathering and following, faculty for security of general wellbeing, crisis clinical help, overseeing humaning remains, assessment and hazard the executives, and give blood items (2008, FEMA, p. 10-11). The DHS assists with ESF #8 by giving correspondence support, offering transportation support if vital, giving peril forecasts identifying with barometrical discharges, and upholding worldwide qua rantines.FEMA helps with activation focuses, transport of assets, crisis food and water supplies, hardware and clinical supplies, and transportation of patients considered excessively sick or unequipped for general departure (2008, FEMA, p. 12-13). The HHS must guarantee legitimate staffing to organize endeavors for clinical help to an influenced zone. They should support and help State, ancestral, and nearby networks in a crisis. Their essential obligations incorporate checking blood and blood supplies, shaping contacts for correspondences, organizing understanding departure, and working with the USDA to guarantee sanitation. REFERENCES Emergency Support Function #8 †Public Health and Medical Services Annex. Government Emergency Management Agency. Recovered from www. fema. gov/pdf/crisis/nrf/nrf-esf-08. pdf

Strength And Conditioning Article Example

Strength And Conditioning Article Example Strength And Conditioning Article â€" Article Example > HORMONES DOPING IN SPORTSAbstractHormones are the essential chemical elements in the body. The blood is the reservoir of the hormones that run through our body and our responsible for many changes that occur in the body because of the many hormonal actions. The changes include increase in growth, height, neural responses, changes in the behavior and many other changes related to the body functions. The functioning of the hormones is age related. As the age increases the functioning and effectiveness of the hormones decreases, as it occurs in the aging process. In the modern age of biotechnology, the hormones, proteins, are being produced in the labs as they are produced in the human body. These natural products in many cases are the drugs to many diseases. These are thereby available over the counters easily. There is a human urge of keeping on the top and keeping young and active for life. This urge is specifically higher in sportspersons. We are very well aware of the doping in the sportspersons. The term doping means the intake of the medicines or the drugs that enhance their bodily functions as strength, stamina, energy and growth of the muscles. The increase in the strength, stamina and the muscular strength gives an advantage to the doping sportsperson over the other sportsperson. Therefore it is considered to be illegal for use. There is a list of doping substances that has been issued and particularly banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). This list is published annually and is being distributed all around the world to the sports doctor to be updated. Keywords: hormones; doping; World Anti-Doping Agency. THE WORLD ANTI-DOPING AGENCY (WADA) Doping is one problem that is uprising as the time passes in the sportsperson. It has been there in the field d of sports since many years. It is being tried to control since years but the race does not seem to stop. It seems to increase day by day (1). The increase in the strength, stamina and the muscul ar strength are the factors that make the sportspersons survive the competition that they have to face on the daily basis. But as far as the hormones are concerned there efficiency dies with the increase in age. It worries the sportspersons. Additionally the hormones work in a limited way. The hormones will increase the strength of the body to the limit to which it is required; the muscular strength will be increased to the limit to which is required. However in the filed of sports, constant strength is required as the sportspersons have to compete and the workout for longer periods of times as compared to the normal people. For that, the hormones do not seem to help the sport persons. Extreme levels of strength are required in the case of the sportspersons and that is gained by in taking the artificially prepared medicines or hormones for gaining of strength (2). HISTORICAL ASPECT OF DOPINGThe Olympics first started in Greece and than continued to make the progress in the whole wo rld. Inviting more and more sportspersons from all over the world to compete in more than hundred kinds of games. Since the Olympics have come known to the people, since than the doping is going on (1). The sports persons are looking for ways to increase the strength in artificial ways. The history shows that the pre historic sportsperson were used to eating figs to increase there artificial strength in the Greco roman times.

Critical Review of Langston Hughes - Literature Essay Samples

James Mercer Langston Hughes was a Harlem Renaissance leader who is revered to this day as a columnist, playwright, activist, novelist, and poet of incredible contributions to American literature, and he is now considered one of the foremost commenters on the Harlem Renaissance and a pioneer of Jazz poetry. In his autobiography, Hughes famously wrote about the Harlem Renaissance that â€Å"Negro was in vogue,† which coined a clichà © when David Levering Lewis’s paraphrase of the quote was used as a title for his 1981 book, When Harlem Was in Vogue (Francis 28). Hughes’s writings have experienced the same treatment and retroactive perception that he claimed the Harlem Renaissance experienced in real-time because people often only think about â€Å"vogue† pieces of his like specifically â€Å"Mother to Son.† This discussion seeks to broaden the perception of Hughes by comparing â€Å"Mother to Son† to the vast range of writing styles that four of Hughes’s short stories use to make different commentaries with different tones, and this is intended to put the â€Å"vogue† poem in a context that makes it relative to the many other modes he wrote in. This paper will review â€Å"Mother to Son† and four short stories to illustrate the range of Hughes’ writing—from straightforward, reliable narration to complex, unreliable narration. This range suggests that Hughes’ writing is suitable for college level study. Nifong argues that the most effective way to determine how effective the use of point of view is would be to study the different narrative styles of several separate works and deciding whether or not the author(s) succeed(s) in reaching the desired audience. â€Å"In The Ways of White Folks one discovers that Langston Hughes experiments with seven points of view and meets with varying degrees of success† (Nifong 94). It is a testament to Hughes’ writing ability that he published a collection of short stories on his own that collectively makes a wide range of narrative styles, and The Ways of White Folks is one such collection. This discussion includes five short stories from this collection for that reason. â€Å"Mother to Son† is a poem selected for this discussion specifically because of its popularity. It is quoted often, posted on numerous websites, and recited by Tony and SAG (Screen Actors Guild)-Award winning actress Viola Davis. The second and last lines of the poem are the same, and they are so well known that they are often mistaken for the title of the poem in a way similar to how Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken† might be mistakenly but frequently called â€Å"The Road Less Traveled,† and these lines say, â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair† (Hughes 2, 20). These are some of the things about the poem that can qualify it as Hughes’s archetypal work in comparison to the rest of his writings, but it is important to recognize that Hughes was a very prolific writer and, therefore, had a lot of other works that expressed his thoughts in completely different styles and from vastly different perspectives. The title, â€Å"Mother to Son,† shows a self-explanatory perspective for the speaker. The argument can be made that readers gravitate to this piece because it is a very relatable poem regardless of ethnicity. The lines quoted earlier reference, in the context of the rest of the content, an observation of classism because the fact that the mother has to tell her son that her life has not been a crystal stair suggests that this â€Å"crystal stair† really is some people’s experience. She explains her experience and says, â€Å"It’s had tacks in it, / And splinters / And boards torn up / And places with no carpet on the floor / Bare† (Hughes 3-7). This not only paints a literal picture of poverty but also paints a figurative picture of the bad aspects of capitalism because her contrast between the different types of stairs suggests one is for those with power while the other is for those without, explaining why she speaks from a place of struggle. The Mother basically encourages the Son saying, â€Å"So boy, don’t you turn back / Don’t you set down on the steps, / ‘Cause you find it’s kinder hard / [†¦] For I’s still goin’, honey, / I’se still climbin’, / And life for me ain’t been no crystal stair† (Hughes 14-16, 18-20). These are words meant to encourage the Son, but that confirms for the reader that the Mother is definitely saying it is a bad or lesser experience, figuratively speaking, to walk stairs that are ugly or rough, and it suggests that those who have power have pretty stairs. Marxist criticism refers to this as sign value because it is not that the look of the stairs makes them any easier to climb, yet the appearance of the stairs is assumed, at least by the characters, to be an indication of power. That means that Mother’s and Son’s stairs indicate weakness, which is what makes encouragement necessary. In fact, the sign value seen in the absent stairs of the poem also appeals to readers on the basis that an audience of Hughes’s peers would relate to the sense of consumerism without even thinking about it, focusing more consciously on the idea of having an uglier life (lacking sign value) that was difficult for any variety of reasons. The ambiguity of the Mother’s issues and the Black dialect make it that much more relatable. As easy as readers find it to gravitate to â€Å"Mother to Son,† which is its own testament to Hughes’s ability as a writer, it is most definitely one of his more straightforward and more ambiguous works. He diverged from this simple style in other works such as the short story, â€Å"Passing.† This story is written as a letter from a son to a mother ironically, and the son talks about certain aspects of his life, which is the unique life of a Black man passing for White. Like â€Å"Mother to Son,† it is written in first person, so the reader is placed in the mind of the son, Jack, who is passing for White and, as a result, has an uncommon perspective on race that Blacks who cannot pass might be bothered by. This story is designed to make the reader uncomfortable by portraying an uncommon perspective that far fewer people relate to and getting inside a mind whose ideas about life and society are likely to be much different from the ideas of the intended au dience of â€Å"Mother to Son.† Jack says many things in â€Å"Passing† that suggest he is aware of racial injustice yet not that empathetic to the issues because he does not seem to realize the severity of it all. As a result, his perspective comes off as a narcissistic and almost childish one despite his being an adult. He begins, â€Å"I felt like a dog, passing you downtown last night and not speaking to you. You were great, though. Didn’t give a sign that you even knew me, let alone I was your son† (Hughes location 529). The implication starts out sounding like Jack feels genuine regret for the social standing he has chosen for himself, but it ends with him quickly commending her for how well she acts like she does not know him. It is worthy of commending because it had to be very difficult for her to ignore him the way she did. If the reader takes the time to come out of Jack’s perspective and get into his mother’s perspective, one can only assume it would be hard for a moth er to have to refrain from acknowledging her son in public, but she does this for his sake because it is a sacrifice she is willing to make for a son who has an opportunity at having a privileged life. The way Jack phrases his sentences says as much as the sentences themselves, which is a stylistic element of â€Å"Passing† not as prevalent in â€Å"Mother to Son.† He says, â€Å"But I don’t mind being ‘White’, Ma, and it was mighty generous of you to urge me to go ahead and make use of my light skin and good hair† (Hughes location 536). He says this as though it would have been justifiably selfish of his mother to just expect him to identify as Black if he did not have to, which means it is a given that being Black is a bad way to live. He is quick to make light of problematic issues and return to his perspective after only the briefest consideration for others’ perspective. To say he does not mind being privileged is to describe an advantage as if it was a disadvantage that he should be commended for accepting. One of the differences between â€Å"Mother to Son† and this short story is the introduction of irony which complica tes what the son Jack is saying. There is no irony in â€Å"Mother to Son,† but here, the reader must realize that Hughes is asking him/her to evaluate Jack’s behavior and words rather than simply accept him. One instance where Jack demonstrates racial prejudice as a problem at all is when he says, â€Å"Since I’ve begun to pass for white, nobody has ever doubted that I am a white man. Where I work, the boss is a Southerner and is always cussing out Negroes in my presence, not dreaming that I’m one. It is to laugh!† (Hughes location 536). Laughter is an inappropriate response for someone empathetic to the marginalized experience. He continues, â€Å"Funny thing, though, Ma, how some white people certainly don’t like colored people, do they?† (Hughes location 536). He makes it sound like an original idea, belittling the obvious like it could have been missed. Again, Hughes’s use of irony makes the reader even more aware of the irrationality of prejudice. The contrast between â€Å"Mother to Son† and â€Å"Passing† is a stark one, but this is the result of the two works having very different objectives, not due to one being better than the other. In the former, the relatable speaker is part of the point whereas, in the latter, the narrator is unreliable and transparent. The Mother in â€Å"Mother to Son† gives an encouraging word in a simplistically eloquent way, but there is arguably more depth in bringing the reader into the mindset of someone likely to peeve Hughes’s audience, which is not just Blacks. Whites are intended to read this and many others of Hughes’s works and gain perspective on the Black experience, and one uncomfortable aspect of the Black experience unfortunately is that of Blacks who pass for White as well as how other Blacks feel about the notion of passing at all. It is a nuanced story dealing with a relatively more obscure and complex racial identity problem. As different as â€Å"Mother to Son† and â€Å"Passing† seem, though, they still only represent, even in tandem, a relatively small part of Hughes’s range as a writer, and one other work can greatly expand that range in the reader’s perception. â€Å"Red-Headed Baby† is a short story with a bizarrely different narrative style from any of Hughes’s other works. The protagonist is a White sailor with red hair named Clarence whose boat docks at the port of a Black town in the vague south in an area that might remind the reader of Louisiana. He looks up a girl who he had sex with the last time he visited this time, and he intends to have sex with her again. What scares him and ruins his plans is that he finds out she has a two-year-old who has red hair like Clarence. The narration of â€Å"Red-Headed Baby† is extremely different from Hughes’s narrative styles in other works because it is full of incomplete sentences that express complete thoughts. This broken speech in the narration is such a divergence from Hughes’s other writings that a reader might even think it was a sort of prose poem at first. Given that this story is told in first person also, style is basically a representation of Clarence’s stream of consciousness, and stream-of-consciousness writing, no matter what narrative style is used, is a legitimate challenge for any writer. This is why Hughes chooses to write in first person with broken sentence structure because it is a more authentic way to write stream-of-consciousness works. The narration guides the reader through a series of isolated ideas that gradually paint a picture and frame a scenario. For instance, one paragraph reads, â€Å"Crossing the railroad track at the edge of town. Green lights. Sand in the road, seeping into oxfords and the cuffs of dungarees. Surf sounds, mosquito sounds, nigger cries in the night. No street lights out here.† The speaker is only giving the reader thoughts about what he observes as he goes. At another point when Clarence, the speaker, discovers the mixed, red-headed child who resembles him, it gives him anxiety, which scrambles his thoughts and causes his sentences to be even more pointed. A red-headed baby. Moonlight-gone baby. No kind of yellow-white bow-legged goggled-eyed County Fair baseball baby. Get him the hell out of here pulling at my legs looking like me at me like me at myself like me red-headed as me. Another formal element of the writing in â€Å"Red-Headed Baby† that might be important to note is that Hughes actually punctuates his complete thoughts in a way that gives the reader a window into Clarence’s anxiety. As his anxiety builds, the sentences begin to run together, and he suddenly starts to use run-on sentences frequently. In fact, he used run-on sentences almost exclusively when he began fighting the realization that the red-headed baby is his son, which is the climactic moment in the story where Clarence’s anxiety is at its peak. What also adds to the anxiety in Clarence’s mind is that, not only do the sentences begin to run together as he gets more anxious, but also the dialogue and narration begin to run together so that the reader is forced to pay very close attention to context clues in order to know who is speaking sometimes. A reader who is familiar with Langston Hughes’s other works is more inclined to recognize that his broken sentence structure in â€Å"Red-Headed Baby† is a stylistic preference that he has chosen specifically for this story and that it must have a purpose because he very clearly did not write this way in other texts. That is why it is necessary to discuss other works before discussing â€Å"Red-Headed Baby† because it is so well done that it can convince the reader that Hughes’s writing style may actually be confined to Clarence’s jumbled thought process if the reader has not read other works by Hughes. Having read â€Å"Mother to Son† first is helpful in that the poem gives an example of what Hughes considers sufficient dialect. It shows how much he is willing to bend the English language to the authentic sound of a character on a normal basis, so it still highlights the dialect found in â€Å"Red-Headed Baby† as an extreme. Having re ad â€Å"Passing† before â€Å"Red-Headed Baby† as well, the reader is inclined to notice that the latter is not representative of his normal narrative structure even down to formal details like punctuation. â€Å"Red-Headed Baby† also uses more elaborate vocabulary than â€Å"Passing† and â€Å"Mother to Son.† By now, the three works discussed so far show the variety in Hughes’s writing. He changed his writing style often in order to suit the picture he was attempting to paint at the time, so the fourth work worth discussing at this point is one that can round out his writing style with what could be considered a narrative style closer to his most often used style. In â€Å"A Good Job Gone,† Hughes gives readers the perspective of a young, African American male, and the boy serves as a servant in the mansion of a rich, White man named Mr. Lloyd who lives in Riverside Drive. Even though the Black boy is the protagonist of the story, Mr. Lloyd is really the focal point, and the boy is used more as a reference point for observing Mr. Lloyd. The story of â€Å"A Good Job Gone† is told from the perspective of the young, African American boy whose only real concern is having a good job and keeping it, and he is telling this story to a peer, explaining how good he had it. Working for Mr. Lloyd at a Riverside Drive mansion in New York City was actually the best paying job he had ever gotten because Mr. Lloyd regularly paid him twenty dollars a week but would also commonly slip him fives for small things or for when he was leaving for the weekend for nothing at all. The most important point to note about Mr. Lloyd from the boy’s perspective, though, is probably the fact that the man did not have problems with accepting Black people, which is clear based on the fact that he hired the boy with what the reader can assume were no issues. The story in â€Å"A Good Job Gone† is basically one that makes a commentary on White America, and for the most part, this is the purpose of Mr. Lloyd’s character. He is an odd man with unique circumstances. His wife is paralyzed, and he keeps her in a separate house uptown because, though he may genuinely still love her (as evidenced by the fact that he does periodically return to see about her), he cannot have sex with her. He is also struggling with depression, and it is manifesting in his alcoholism and womanizing. He often brings women back to his mansion, some of them consecutive times, but eventually, he always turns his attention to someone else and leaves the previous woman behind. In this depression and this mess of a life he has made for himself, Mr. Lloyd gradually goes insane in the story, and the breaking point for him is the heartbreak he experiences over a Black woman named Pauline from Harlem, which is not terribly far from Riverside Drive. The depth of the commentary on White America in â€Å"A Good Job Gone† is found in the fact that it suggests that only an insane (or borderline), White man is capable of finding comfort with African Americans, and his loss of sanity is meant to lead the reader to a point where the reader wonders if Mr. Lloyd’s fair treatment of the narrator was truly the evidence of his being a good man as the narrator claims. It seems more and more likely as the story draws to a close like Mr. Lloyd is really just a man so desperate for love or companionship that he cannot afford to neglect relationships with Blacks. He is a White man brought so low despite his wealth that he no longer cares what color his friends or girlfriend are because he cannot afford to. All the women the narrator witnesses Mr. Lloyd with before are White, but when Pauline comes around, Mr. Lloyd becomes happier than he has ever been in the story. He can only feel good about himself in her company despite the fact that she is obviously the same as all the White women he spent time with. All the women he brings home, regardless of color, are really only after his money because they want him to spend it on them. The scene in which Mr. Lloyd and Pauline break up captures the man’s character best. Mr. Lloyd goes to a club in Harlem and finds her with another man, and this man is Black, which the narrator finds particularly amusing. Afterward, they argue while drinking, and Pauline is brutally honest with Mr. Lloyd about the fact that she has no feelings toward him. The speaker says: I thought Pauline was stupid, talking like that, but I guess she was so drunk she didn’t care. â€Å"Yes, I love that colored boy,† she hollered. â€Å"Yes, I love him. You don’t think you’re buying my heart, do you?† And that hurt the boss. He’d always thought he was a great lover, and that women liked him for something else besides his money. (Because most of them wanted his money, nobody ever told him he wasn’t so hot. His girls all swore they loved him, even when he beat them. [†¦]) (Hughes location 653) The protagonist actually frames the story much earlier than this scene as evidence that Blacks mess good things up in general. â€Å"They’d mess up the Lord if He got too intimate with ‘em† (Hughes 584). The reason he takes this stance is because he feels that Pauline is an example of this. She causes Mr. Lloyd’s depression to spiral out of control, and he is eventually committed to an asylum. As such, the protagonist loses his job, hence the title, â€Å"A Good Job Gone.† He is an unreliable narrator, though, because the reader is constantly observing that things are not quite as he describes them. Dialogue is reliable enough, but when the narrator sums up what has occurred, it is not exactly what the reader is likely to have observed. Any sampling of Hughes’ works can show a wide variety of narrative styles in his writing, and the sampling in this discussion is no exception. â€Å"Mother to Son† is a poem that uses the simple, relatable voice, which differs greatly from the ironic and somewhat unreliable voices of â€Å"Passing† and â€Å"A Good Job Gone.† Different still is the stream of consciousness narration Hughes uses in â€Å"Red-Headed Baby,† but the commonality in each of these is the use of first-person narration. This is not to suggest that Hughes restricts himself to first person. In fact, another of his short stories, â€Å"Berry,† is written in omniscient third person. Hughes does seem to prefer the first person perspective most often, but in this story, he narrates in third person. Even so, this third-person narration frames his writing in a way that seems closer to Hughes’s own voice than the other texts discussed here. The prose is very well written, and the organizational structure of sentences throughout can seem recontextualize the narrations of other works like â€Å"Mother to Son† or â€Å"Red-Headed Baby† because of how well said everything is. For instance, when describing the gossip among nurses about Mrs. Osborne being in love with the married, it reads, â€Å"Of course, there wasn’t a word of truth in it, Mrs. Osborn said to herself, admitting at the same time that that Martha Renfield, his wife, was certainly not good enough for the doctor. Anyway, tonight she was not bound on any frivolous errand toward the Doctor’s cottage. She had to see him about this Negro in their midst.† â€Å"Berry† is the story of a home in New Jersey for crippled children. The doctor and the head nurse have a hidden romance despite the doctor’s wife always being around, which serves as a backdrop to the main story. A â€Å"kitchen man† quit his job at the home prior to the start of the story, which required Mrs. Osborn, the head nurse, to request a new employee from an employment agency, and the agency sends the home a young, colored boy named Milberry Jones. Everyone at the home is mildly accepting of Milberry, but they take him for granted despite the fact that he is the only employee with a solid work ethic. Dr. Renfield and Mrs. Osborn discuss his pay and deliberately give him two dollars less per hour than they paid his predecessor, and everyone shirks responsibilities just because they know they can make Milberry pick up the slack. Throughout the story, Milberry makes observations about the home that lead him to â€Å"[say] to himself, ‘the ways o f white folks, I mean some white folks, is too much for me. I reckon they must be a few good ones, but most of ‘em ain’t good—leastwise they don’t treat me good. And Lawd knows, I ain’t never done nothin’ to ‘em, nothin’ a-tall.† The most significant observation Milberry makes is that the quality of care and work in all areas is only good when the home has a paying visitor. At all other times, the quality of care and work drops considerably, and it is really the children who suffer for this. No one character in the story has an absolutely correct perspective, but that is just one of several reasons why the realism in this story is so noticeable. Another reason is because the story is told in that third person narration to zoom out and show the reader how these characters collide with one another in different ways and how their interactions have positive and negative effects while also speaking to the racial issues represented. In a similar way to how Hughes said the Negro was in vogue, some of his works can be considered the â€Å"vogue† works of Langston Hughes based on which ones usually get the most attention. Few works by Hughes, or by many other authors for that matter, get more attention than â€Å"Mother to Son,† which makes it an excellent representation of those so-called vogue works. As great as the poem is, there are so many other works that show the range of Langston Hughes’s abilities as a writer, and reading them analytically, especially in relation to each other and to â€Å"Mother to Son† gives readers a much better understanding of why Langston Hughes is a household name. As Nifong pointed out, The Ways of White Folks in and of itself is an excellent study of point of view. Given that it is a literary study in its own right, it is somewhat remarkable that it should be collection written entirely by a single author. Additionally, the comparison of these works adds depth to what a reader may have gotten from reading the poem, â€Å"Mother to Son.† This is why the works of Langston Hughes should be included in college curriculum because they cover such a wide range of English literature. Works Cited Francis, Ted. Realism in the Novels of the Harlem Renaissance. New York, Lincoln, Shanghai: Writers Club Press, 2002. Web. Hughes, Langston. The Ways of White Folks. New York: Vintage Classics, 1933. Kindle. . â€Å"Mother to Son.† Tnellen. Web. Nifong, David M. â€Å"Narrative Technique and Theory in The Ways of White Folks.† Black American Literature Forum, 15 (3): 1981. Web.

Analysis of Ogburns Theories and Revolutions on Technology

1. Ogburn identifies four social revolutions that have occurred as the result of new technologies. The first was the move from the hunter-gathered model to pastoralism or horticulturalism, where people settled either to raise animals or to grow plants for food. Technologies for hunting or agriculture made such moves possible. As we were able to learn enough about food production to remain in one place for extended periods, we chose to do so. The next step was the move to an agrarian society. Using both animals and machinery, we were able to make significant improvements in food production, not just for food but for other uses as well. This allowed for much greater population density, as well as excess production for winter months. The third social revolution was the development of the industrial society. Machinery that dramatically increased productivity brought about industrial society, which incorporated a stronger division of labor. This lead to a dramatic restructuring of social relations, as instead of relationships or kin relationships, peoples value was based on what they could do or produce. In the final stage, we have the post-industrial society. In this society, service is the primary occupation, rather than agriculture or industry. Improved transportation and especially communication helped to develop the post-industrial society, but so did advancements in industrial and agricultural production that allows most people to leave those fields (Boundless.com,Show MoreRelatedTechnology and Social Change1197 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and Social Change SOC 100 One of our best well-known scientists, Albert Einstein, quoted â€Å"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology have exceeded our humanity† that was credited in a 1995 movie called â€Å"Powder†. It is no secret that the advancement of technology is drastically increasing in a rate where it is almost impossible to keep up with. Many individuals believe that it is slowly taking our attention away to what is really valuable in our lives, while others stronglyRead MoreManagement and Rolls Access Code14663 Words   |  59 Pagescontributions made by Frederick W. Taylor and Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. †¢ Explain how today’s managers use scientific management. General Administrative Theory †¢ Discuss Fayol’s contributions to management theory. †¢ Describe Max Weber’s contribution to management theory. †¢ Explain how today’s managers use general administrative theories of management. Quantitative Approach †¢ Explain what the quantitative approach has contributed to the field of management. †¢ Discuss how today’s managers